Context: Courtship
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Behaviors engaged in by adult male and female elephants during courtship, consortship and mating.
Behaviors in this Context (40)
Bonding-Rumble
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeCoalition Building
1a. Laryngeal callsBody: Ears, Head, Mouth, Trunk
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent femaleCalf
Defecating
AffiliativeBirthCoalition BuildingMaintenance
3. Other soundsBody: Genitals
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Displacement-Feeding
AggressiveAmbivalentConflict & ConfrontationSocial PlayVigilance
Body: Trunk
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+1 more
Displacement-Grooming
AggressiveAmbivalentConflict & ConfrontationSocial PlayVigilance
3. Other soundsBody: Forefeet, Trunk
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+1 more
Driving
Social Play
Body: Body, Head
Adult maleJuvenile Adolescent male
Dust-with-Semen
Body: Trunk
Adult female
Estrous-Running-Rumble
Advertisement & Attraction
1a. Laryngeal callsBody: Mouth, Trunk
Estrous female only
Estrous-Song
Body: Ears, Mouth
Estrous female only
Female-Chorus-Rumble
Advertisement & Attraction
1a. Laryngeal callsBody: Ears, Head, Mouth, Trunk
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent female
Follow
AffiliativeCalf Reassurance & ProtectionMovement, Space & LeadershipSocial Play
Body: Body
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Grasp-Leg
Calf Nourishment & WeaningSocial Play
Body: Trunk
Adult maleJuvenile Adolescent maleCalf
Head-Raising
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeCoalition BuildingConflict & Confrontation
Body: Head
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent maleCalf+1 more
Kick-Back
Calf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionLone & Object PlayMovement, Space & LeadershipSocial Play
Body: Hindfeet
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Mating
Body: Body
Estrous female onlyAdult male
Mating-Pandemonium-Calling
Advertisement & Attraction
Body: Mouth
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent female
Mounting
BirthCalf Reassurance & ProtectionSocial Play
Body: Body
Adult maleJuvenile Adolescent maleCalfInfant
Musth-Rumble
Advertisement & AttractionAggressive
1a. Laryngeal callsBody: Ears, Mouth, Trunk
Musth male only
Musth-Trunk-Wrinkle
Advertisement & AttractionAggressive
Body: Trunk
Musth male only
Nasal-Throb
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliative
Body: Head, Trunk
Adult femaleAdult male
Penis-Erection
Advertisement & AttractionCalf Nourishment & WeaningMaintenanceSocial Play
Body: Genitals
Adult maleJuvenile Adolescent maleCalfInfant
Pushing
AggressiveCalf Reassurance & ProtectionMovement, Space & LeadershipSocial Play
Body: Body
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Rapid-Ear-Flapping
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeBirthCoalition Building
2. Other acoustic signalsBody: Ears
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent female
Reach-Over
BirthSocial Play
Body: Trunk
Adult maleJuvenile Adolescent maleCalf
Rest-Head
AffiliativeAggressiveSocial Play
Body: Head
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male
Rumble
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeAggressiveAmbivalentAttacking & MobbingAttentiveAvoidanceBirthCalf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionCoalition BuildingConflict & ConfrontationMovement, Space & LeadershipSubmissiveVigilanceProtest & Distress
Body: Mouth
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Rump-Present
Advertisement & AttractionSocial PlaySubmissive
Body: Body
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent femaleCalf
Run-After
AggressiveCalf Reassurance & ProtectionSocial Play
3. Other soundsBody: Body
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Run-Away
Social PlaySubmissive
3. Other soundsBody: Body
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Sniff-Semen
Body: Trunk
Estrous female only
Snort-Trumpet
AffiliativeCalf Reassurance & ProtectionCoalition BuildingConflict & Confrontation
Body: Trunk
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent female
Social-Trumpet
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeBirthCoalition BuildingProtest & Distress
1b. Trunk callsBody: Trunk
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male
Solicit-Guarding
Body: Body
Estrous female only
Standing-to-Mate
Body: Body
Estrous female only
Tail-Swatting
Advertisement & AttractionCalf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionForaging & Comfort TechniqueMovement, Space & LeadershipNovel & IdiosyncraticSocial PlaySubmissive
3. Other soundsBody: Tail
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Temporin
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeCoalition BuildingConflict & ConfrontationSocial Play
Body: Temporal Glands
Adult femaleJuvenile Adolescent femaleCalf
Trunk-to-Genitals
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeBirthCalf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionSocial Play
Body: Trunk
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Waiting
BirthCalf Reassurance & ProtectionMovement, Space & Leadership
Body: Body
Adult femaleEstrous female onlyAdult maleMusth male only+4 more
Walk-Away
Advertisement & AttractionCalf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionCoalition BuildingMovement, Space & LeadershipSocial PlayVigilance
Body: Body, Forefeet, Hindfeet
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Walk-Toward
Advertisement & AttractionAffiliativeCalf Nourishment & WeaningCalf Reassurance & ProtectionCoalition BuildingMovement, Space & LeadershipSocial PlayProtest & Distress
Body: Body, Forefeet, Hindfeet
Adult femaleAdult maleJuvenile Adolescent femaleJuvenile Adolescent male+2 more
Walk-Wait
BirthCalf Reassurance & ProtectionMovement, Space & Leadership
Body: Body
Adult femaleEstrous female onlyAdult maleMusth male only+4 more