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The behaviour illustrated in this photograph is Estrous-Rumble: An estrous female calling with a distinctive long (~5-6 seconds), highly modulated, rolling rumble that she repeats at intervals, as if in song. Her calling begins immediately her mate dismounts. Each Estrous-Rumble starts at relatively low frequency, rises sharply and descend slowly, and calls may be repeated for up to 45 minutes. We refer to these calls as Estrous-Rumbles and this pattern of calling as an Estrous-Song. The female calls very powerfully at the beginning of her song, gradually diminishing in intensity over time. Likewise the time between each call in the song increases with the length of time after the mating. She may reach out, repeatedly, to touch her partner's penis (Trunk-to-Genitals), or his semen on the ground (Sniff-Semen), calling with more vigor at each renewed sniff. Her calling is associated with loud, Rapid-Ear-Flapping and copious secretion from her temporal glands (Temporin). Estrous-Rumbles have the effect of attracting (often distant) males. Though typically emitted in association with a mating, females at peak estrus have been documented to call in this manner in the absence of a mating. If you want to learn more about elephant behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram #conservationphotography #elephant

As elephants leave the pool where they have been playing and Bathing, a young female Tusks a couple of juvenile who are ahead of her. This is done in the spirit of play but is vigorous! The behaviour illustrated in this video is Tusking: Poking another elephant with the tip of the tusks. This is a ‘less polite’ form of Pushing another elephant. In Aggressive contexts Tusking can be used with the intention to cause bodily harm, as during Dueling, or to show displeasure or encourage another to move. In a Playful context Tusking is more gentle. All age/sex group use Tusking except infants and young calves, who do not have tusks, or, likewise, tuskless individuals. If you want to learn more about elepahnt behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram #conservationphotography #elephant

The three elephant species, the African savanna elephant, Loxodonta africana, the African forest elephant, L. cyclotis, and the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, are large brained, intelligent and highly social mammals. Exceptionally long lived, elephants live in a fluid fission-fusion society accumulating social and ecological knowledge over decades. African savanna elephants typically live in larger family groups than either of the two other elephant species, and they are more often found in large aggregations. As a consequence, it is possible that the number, variety and complexity of their interactions and relationships may be even greater than the two other elephant species. This said, we do not believe that African savanna elephants are more intelligent nor that their behaviour is more varied than the other two species. If you want to learn more about elepahnt behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram #conservationphotography #elephant

A juvenile male and a calf have been playing. We don’t see what happens but the calf seems to be stuck on its side. A juvenile female comes Running-Toward the calf and with juvenile female Arora B they try to help the calf to its feet Lifting with the forefoot and trunk and Kicking-Back to Lift with a hindfoot. The behaviour illustrated in this video is Helping: An elephant Digging around, Lifting, Pushing or Pulling another elephant to assist it to stand, get up a bank, out of a river or mud-wallow or otherwise help it to overcome some physical predicament. Also observed when an elephant is incapacitated, dying or dead. All age/sex groups, except infants, may be observed attempting to Help other elephants, but this behavior is most successful among older, stronger elephants and most common among adult, adolescent and juvenile females during their care of calves. If you want to learn more about elephant behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #gorongosa #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram

I am in LA as an invited participant in a fascinating meeting held in the historic Bradbury Building by the Berggruen Institute. We are here to discuss Multispecies Constitutionalism - or to put it more simply - to imagine ways to create political institutions that offer representation for more-than-humans. As fits the building our discussions have been rather esoteric, ethereal and academic - now we need to land our deliberations and get down to the nuts and bolts of reality. - Joyce #berggrueninstitute #multispeciesconstitutionalism

The behaviour illustrated in this photograph is Head-Toss: As performed by a musth male, raising and lowering the head or lifting and swinging head and trunk with vigor, sometimes in figure-of-eight movement. This display is occasionally seen in combination with a Trunk-Curl. In its most intense form the musth male bends his back legs and lowers the hind portion of his body causing the head and trunk to be raised even higher. Less exaggerated forms may be observed in non-musth elephants. If you want to learn more about elephant behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram #conservationphotography #elephant

This male, together with a play-mate, has just spent 9 minutes standing within 2 meters of our car, studying us and playing with a rock. Standing a bit further away he seems to continue his study of us and consider his experience. He Head-Waggles and Walks-Away toward the Resting group he is with. It is difficult to know which context to put this in but he does appear to be contemplative. The behaviour illustrated in this video is Head-Waggling: Waggling of the head from side to side. This behaviour is observed during Social Play as a component of Solicit-Play and Sparring-Initiation and is associated with Lone and Object Play when an elephant considers an object of play. Head-Waggling may also follow a period of Contemplation, when the behavior appears to be an outward expression of internal thoughts and feelings. Head-Waggling may be observed in all age/sex groups, though most often in younger individuals. If you want to learn more about elephant behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram

Happy International Women's Day! To us, female elephants represent feminine power; leadership, wisdom, grace, compassion, strength, beauty & dignity - the queens of the animal kingdom. If you want to learn more about elephant behaviour visit The Elephant Ethogram via the link in our bio. #theelephantethogram #elephantvoices #elephants #animalbehaviour #wildlife #stopthetrade #conservationresearch #wildlifephotography #wildlifeconservation #elephantcommunication #elephantbehaviour #ethology #elephantresearch #animalbehavior #conservationscience #conservationbiology #animalemotions #ethogram #elephant #InternationalWomensDay

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