A forceful expulsion of air through the trunk, creating a trumpeting sound. Trumpets come in several forms. Trumpets are mainly tonal sounds, though harmonics are overlaid with noise. Most last less than a second (though extremely long trumpets may last over three seconds), with fundamental frequencies falling around 300 Hz and peak energy concentrated at approximately 450 Hz. An elephant can produce a wide variety of sounds by varying the speed of air she forces through her trunk, by the shape in which she holds her trunk, and by her own body posture and movement.
