A combination call that consists of a Rumble followed by a Roar and then a Rumble without an inhalation (see Roar). Roars that occur during intense social excitement such as during a greeting ceremony, the birth of a calf, or in response to the arrival of a musth male may occur as a Rumble-Roar-Rumble. Similarly, the roars of a lost calf may often be in the form Rumble-Roar-Rumble, though the quality of these is different from those occurring in a social context.
A calf or juvenile elephant who is separated from its family typically begins to call with a series of Separated-Rumbles. As a lost calf becomes increasingly distressed, the Rumbling escalates to shrill Trumpeting or Roaring. The Roars emitted by a lost calf are typically concatenated calls in the form of a Roar-Rumble or Rumble-Roar-Rumble.
This behavioral constellation includes the following behaviors: Roar, Rumble and occurs in the following context(s): Advertisement & Attraction, Affiliative, Calf Nourishment & Weaning, Conflict & Confrontation, Movement, Space & Leadership, Protest & Distress
Elephants give a Trumpet-Blast, Rumble-Roar-Rumble, and a Roaring-Rumble in response to the playbacks of lions Roaring. Unfortunately this was recorded by a third party who used a recorder with low-frequency cutoff so only the upper harmonics of the Rumbles are heard. (Amboseli, Kenya)
If you want to look at a spectrogram of this recording, .
Ebony initiates a Female-Chorus with a loud Rumble-Roar-Rumble to Rashid in musth. She is joined by Echo, Eliot and Erin who Rumble in chorus. Someone Trumpets. Erin is in estrus. (Amboseli, Kenya)
If you want to look at a spectrogram of this recording, .
A 10-year-old male is separated from his family and is calling and searching frantically. He receives an answer to his calls; he responds with a Rumble-Roar-Rumble and moves rapidly in that direction with trunk held in a Periscope-Sniff. He looks annoyed, or even angry. (Amboseli, Kenya)
If you want to look at a spectrogram of this recording, .
Chyulu is in estrus for the first time and being followed by musth male, Macaroon. Charlotte is acting as if she is in estrus, too (but is not), and is chased over one kilometer in a wide circle by a young male. Charlotte's three-year-old calf is distressed by the separation from her mother and emits a Rumble-Roar-Rumble. (Amboseli, Kenya)
If you want to look at a spectrogram of this recording, .
