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About ElephantVoices
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ElephantVoices Calls Database - Call Types
- Call Types DB structure
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- Calls DB structure
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- Gestures DB structure
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Search
Home
Site Map
Site Map
Welcome
About ElephantVoices
Column1
Mission
A voice for elephants
What we do
- Education
- Research
- Conservation
- Advocacy
Our team
Work places
Column2
History
Collaborators
Supporters
Acknowledgements
Advocacy policy
Editorial
Contact us
Site search
Recommend ElephantVoices
Studies & Projects
Column1
Elephant Partners - Maasai Mara
Elephant Partners Sub Menu
Column2
ElephantVoices' Gorongosa project
Elephant communication & cognition
The Amboseli elephants
Echo of the Elephants
Amboseli National Park, Kenya
The Minneriya-Kaudulla elephants
Asian Elephant ID Database Project
Asian Elephant ID Database - pilot
Elephant Sense & Sociality
Column1
Elephants are extraordinary
Elephants are socially complex
Elephants are long-lived
Elephants are large-brained
Column2
Elephants learn from others
Elephants are intelligent
Facts & figures
Elephant Communication
Column1
How elephants communicate
Acoustic communication
Visual communication
Chemical communication
Column2
Tactile communication
Seismic communication
Frequently Asked Questions
Selected links
Elephants in Jeopardy
Column1
Elephants under pressure
- killed for their ivory
- squeezed into conflict
- captured & sold
Column2
The role of CITES
Recent links ivory & poaching
Past links ivory trade and poaching
Ivory trade fact sheets 2010
Elephants in captivity
Column1
Traditions, use & abuse
- in history & culture
- in sanctuary
- in zoos
- in circuses
- in TV and film
- in marketing
- in tourism
Column2
Frequently Asked Questions
Publications & reports
Selected links
Multimedia Resources
Introduction
Column1
Column2
ElephantVoices Calls Database - Call Types
Laryngeal calls
Rumble
Rumble B3304802
Rumble U1700443
Rumble F1200221
Rumble B1400110
Rumble C2312431
Rumble A3203413
Rumble U1605722
Rev
Rev
Rev-Rumble
Roar
Tonal-Roar-Rumble (B4504717)
Tonal-Roar (A3500220)
Mixed-Roar (B1702008)
Rumble-Mixed-Roar-Rumble (C1500922)
Rumble-Noisy-Roar (Z1701823)
Rumble-Noisy-Roar (B3820134)
Rumble-Noisy-Roar-Rumble (B1902649)
Mixed-Roar (C1500858)
Cry
Cry-Rumble 1
Cry-Rumble 2
Cry-Rumble 3
Rumble-Cry-Rumble
Bark
Bark-Rumble
Bark 1
Bark 2
Bark 3
Grunt
Grunt
Grunt 3
Grunt 4
Grunt 7
Husky-Cry
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry 1
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry 2
Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry 1
Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry 2
Trunk calls
Trumpet
Pulsated-Trumpet
Trumpet 1
Trumpet 2
Trumpet 3
Nasal-Trumpet
Nasal-Trumpet 1
Nasal-Trumpet 2
Nasal-Trumpet 3
Nasal-Trumpet 4
Snort
Snort
Imitated and novel calls
Croaking
Croaking
Squelching
Squelching
Truck-like
Truck-Like-Call
Chirping
Asian female Chirping
Calimero Chirping
Purring
Whistling
Human speech?
- Call Types DB structure
ElephantVoices Calls Database - Contexts
Group-Defense
Alert
Comment-Rumble
Comment-Rumble (C3002923)
Comment-Rumble (F1012938)
Comment-Rumble (F1012908)
Comment-Rumble (B2802022)
Comment-Rumble (A0400839)
Comment-Rumble (C2000742)
Comment-Rumble (C2810704)
Defensive and Mobbing
Roaring-Rumbles
Roaring-Rumble (C2000628)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200154)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200159)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200221)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200230)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200244)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200247)
Roaring-Rumble (F1200230)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200235)
Roaring-Rumbles (F1200310)
Roaring-Rumbles (Z2303558)
Roaring-Rumbles (A0800639)
Roaring-Rumbles (B1500400)
Roaring-Rumbles (C0100849)
Trumpet-Blast
Trumpet-Blast (F1200210)
Trumpet-Blast (Z0403622)
Trumpet-Blast (Z1701504)
Trumpet-Blast (Z1701525)
Trumpet-Blast (Z2303050)
Trumpet-Blast (B3820203)
Trumpet-Blast (B3903430)
Trumpet-Blast (B3903433a)
Trumpet-Blast (C2000625)
Noisy-Roar
Noisy-Roar (B3820134)
Noisy-Roar (Z2300512)
Noisy-Roar (Z2303520)
Noisy-Roar (Z2303508)
Softer-Overlapping-Rumbles
Startled and Alarmed
Startled-Trumpet
Sexual
Male-male competition
Musth-rumble
Musth-Rumble (U1402801)
Musth-Rumble (U1403517)
Musth-Rumble (U1605722)
Musth-Rumble (U1304553)
Musth-Rumble (U1304640)
Musth-Rumble (U1304720)
Musth-Rumble (U1402530)
Female choice
Female-Chorus
Female-Chorus (B2012530)
Female-Chorus (B2713053)
Female-Chorus (B2812400)
Female-Chorus (B3420641)
Female-Chorus (F0201809)
Female-Chorus (U1702630)
Female-Chorus (B0503226)
Female-Chorus (B0902600)
Female-Chorus (B1103130)
Female-Chorus (B2011610)
Estrous-Roar
Estrous-Roar (Z1905506)
Estrous-Rumble
Estrous-Rumble (Z1701122)
Estrous-Rumble (Z194819)
Estrous-Rumble (A1102909)
Estrous-Rumble (U0401419)
Estrous-Rumble (B3304800)
Estrous-Rumble (Z1905454)
Mating-Pandemonium
Mating-Pandemonium (A110202909)
Mating-Pandemonium (V0801220)
Mother-Offspring
Soliciting suckling
Begging-Rumble
Begging-Rumble (B1400110)
Begging-Rumble (B1612014)
Begging-Rumble (C2003022)
Begging-Rumble (C2900413)
Grumbling-Rumble
Grumbling-Rumble (F0712215)
Grumbling-Rumble (F0712402)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3300057)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3500210)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3500214)
Grumbling-Rumble (B1905847)
Cry and Cry-Rumble
Cry-Rumble (A3500150)
Cry-Rumble (B1004716)
Cry-Rumble (B1103233)
Rumble-Cry-Rumble (F0712402)
Roar and Roar-Rumble
Roar (A3500220)
Roar-Rumble (B4504717)
Rumble-Roar-Rumble (C1500922)
Roar-Rumble (F1001158)
Roar (C0210245)
Roar (C1500858)
Roar (C1501109)
Roar (C1501112)
Soliciting care or support
Husky-Cry
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2411653)
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500854)
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500925)
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500922)
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C3311653)
Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B1610531)
Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2404107)
Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2411650)
High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2403937)
Cry or Cry-Rumble
Cry-Rumble (A3202035)
Cry-Rumble (A3202109)
Cry-Rumble (C2602942)
Roar or Roar-Rumble
Roar (C3311724)
Roar-Rumble (C3403100)
Rumble-Roar-Rumble (F1101137)
Roar-Rumble (F1200152)
Grumbling-Rumble
Separated-Rumble
Separated-Rumble (B2403918)
Separated-Rumble (B3501115)
Separated-Rumble (C1913131)
Separated-Rumble (B2311943)
Separated-Rumble (B2311948)
Separated-Rumble (B2403522)
Separated-Rumble (B2403848)
Alarm-Trumpet
Alarmed-Trumpet (B1603846)
Alarmed-Trumpet (Z0902950)
Separated-Roar-Rumble
Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (Z0902932)
Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (Z0902943)
Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1902649)
Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1902801)
Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1903152)
Separated-Rumble-Roar (B3510750)
Receiving comfort
As-Touched-Rumble
As-Touched-Rumble (F1005350)
As-Touched-Rumble (F1105220)
As-Touched-Rumble (B5003707)
As-Touched-Rumble (F0903627)
As-Touched-Rumble (F1005335)
As-Touched-Rumble (F0903628a)
Baroo-Rumble
Baroo-Rumble (C3403115)
Baroo-Rumble (C3405417)
Baroo-Rumble (F0305734)
Baroo-Rumble (B3501717)
Baroo-Rumble (C0504657)
Baroo-Rumble (C3312859)
Baroo-Rumble (C3403110)
Reassuring and calling calves
Cooing-Rumble
Cooing-Rumble (C3311529)
Cooing-Rumble (B1600222)
Cooing-Rumble (B1600310)
Cooing-Rumble (B1600318)
Cooing-Rumble (B1700853)
Calling-Calf
Conflict
Aggression
Coalition-Rumbling
Threat-Rumble
Threat-Rumble (C0803310)
Threat-Rumble (C2810106)
Aggressive-Whoosh
Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1004410)
Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005430)
Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005740)
Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005940)
Protest
Grumbling-Rumble
Grumbling-Rumble (A3202112)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3203413
Grumbling-Rumble (A3504018)
Grumbling-Rumble (B1612059)
Grumbling-Rumble (B3713141)
Grumbling-Rumble (B1501904)
Grumbling-Rumble (B1501916)
Grumbling-Rumble (A1701030)
Grumbling-Rumble (A1902856)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3002926)
Grumbling-Rumble (A3202105)
V-8-Rumble
V-8-Rumble (U1700443)
V-8-Rumble (B1613124)
V-8-Rumble (C2612421)
V-8-Rumble (C2612427)
Roar
Roar (C1401746)
Roar (C2501135)
Roar (E0211828)
Roar (050329_10_0128a)
Roar (A0703731)
Roar (A0801255)
Roar (A1701339)
Trumpet of Protest
Trumpet-of-Protest (C3111606)
Reconciliation
Social Integration
Bonding
Little-Greeting-Rumble
Little-Greeting-Rumble (C1401456)
Little-Greeting-Rumble (C192333)
Little-Greeting-Rumble (B1905310)
Little-Greeting-Rumble (B2202938)
Little-Greeting-Rumble (C0604043)
Little-Greeting-Rumble (C0901910)
Greeting-Rumble
Greeting-Rumbles (C2403916)
Greeting-Rumbles (C2811234)
Greeting-Rumbles (C2812420)
Greeting-Rumbles (B0103126)
Greeting-Rumbles (C0914414)
Grumbling-Rumble (C1704841)
Grumbling-Rumble (C1900510)
Greeting-Ceremony
Greeting-Ceremony (B3711713)
Greeting-Ceremony (C2403910-4010)
Greeting-Ceremony (C2502054)
Bonding-Ceremony
Bonding-Ceremony (B1502100)
Social-Trumpet
Social-Trumpet (F1112806)
Social-Trumpet (B1501442)
Social-Trumpet (B1501517)
Social-Trumpet (B1502010)
Social-Trumpet (B1503259)
Social-Roar
Social-Roar (Z1902505)
Social-Roar (A1102846)
Social-Roar (B2011552)
Social-Roar (B3420606)
Social-Roar (C2700024)
Logistical
Contact-Calling
Contact-Calls (B2611643)
Contact-Calls (B3403050)
Contact-Calls (B4203122)
Contact-Calls (C0405804)
Contact-Calls (C2701253)
Contact-Calls (B0103045)
Contact-Calls (B2104058)
Contact-Calls (B2313850
Contact-Calls (B2504224)
Let\\\'s-Go-Rumble
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2612025)
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (F1000821)
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C0704032)
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2303017)
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2312431)
Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2611505)
Cadenced-Rumble
Cadence-Rumble (F0304845)
Cadence-Rumble (C0915622)
Cadence-Rumble (C1001002)
Cadence-Rumble (C2404246 series)
Cadence-Rumble (F0304820)
Play
Lone and Social Play
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1100939)
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (A0502629)
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (A0502703)
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1101736)
Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1100922)
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1701047)
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B0800741)
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101310)
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101357)
Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101336)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101515)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101528)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101937)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101631)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101651)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101702)
Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101710)
Nasal-Play-Trumpet
Nasal-Play-Trumpet (C0601047)
Nasal-Play-Trumpet (B1100201)
Nasal-Play-Trumpet (A0503040)
Nasal-Play-Trumpet (A0502259)
Nasal-Play-Trumpet (C0600732)
- Calls DB structure
ElephantVoices Gestures Database
Attentive
Listening
Freezing
Listening
Monitoring
Looking
Eye-Blinking
Monitoring
Eye-Opening
Sniffing
Periscope-Sniff
Trunk-Extension-Sniff
Monitoring
Tracking
J-Sniff
Sniff-Toward
Explore-Touch
Touching
Explore-Touch
Foot-Touch
Aggressive
Threat
Turn-Toward
Tusk-Ground
Look-Back
Throw-Debris
Advance-Toward
Bush-Bash
Ear-Spreading
Pursuit
Ear-Folding
Head-Nod
Head-Jerk
Head-Swing
Head-Shake
Forward-Trunk-Swing
Parallel-Walk
Standing-Tall
Head-High
Escalation
Run-After
Bow-Neck
Coalition-Run-After
Pushing
Slapping
Tusking
Ramming
Dueling
Escalated-Contest
Mock-Charge
Coalition
Real-Charge
Submissive
Ears-Back
Skirt-Around
Head-Low
Back-Toward
Distant-Frontal-Attitude
Retreat
Turn-Away
Retreat-From
Run-Away
Look-Back
Post-Conflict Display
Reaching-High
Kick-Dust
Redirected-Aggression
Exaggerated-Walk
Reconciliation
Ambivalent
Apprehensive
Foot-Swinging
Fearful
Touch-Face
Panic-Running
Trunk-Sucking
Trunk-Curved-Under
Ear-Stiffening
Chin-Raising
Body-Jolt
Apprehensive
Tail-Raising
Back-Bowing
Trunk-Twisting
Eye-Widening
Displacement
Displacement-Feeding
Touch-Face
Displacement-Grooming
Defensive
Confront Predator
Kick-Dust
Mock-Charge
Real-Charge
Ear-Spreading
Head-Shake
Throw-Debris
Bow-Neck
Standing-Tall
Advance-Toward-Predator
Group-Defence
Panic-Running
Rear-Guard
Full-Retreat
Reach-Touch
Bunching
Assembling
Mobbing
Group-Advance
Group-Charge
Social Integration
Affiliative
Caressing
Reach-Touch
Test-Urine
Body-Touch
Spinning
Back-Toward
Eye-Widening
Social-Rubbing
Urinating
Bonding-Ceremony
Trunk-Twining
Head-Raising
Tusk-Clicking
Mouth-Opening
Test-Mouth
Rapid-Ear-Flapping
Temporin
Ear-Lifting
Ear-Secretion
Tail-Raising
Test-Temporal-Gland
Back-Bowing
Caressing
Gathering
Movement Initiation & Leadership
Let\'s-Go-Stance
Ear-Slap
Waiting
Ear-Flap-Slide
Spacial proximity
Tail-Swat
Kick-Back
Herding-Push
Mother-Offspring
Reassurance & Protection
Caressing
Trample-Ground
Sheltering
Shepherding
Defensive-Circle
Suckling
Solicit-Suckling
Food-Sampling
Reject-Suck
Suckle-Stance
Suckling
Suckle-Face
Sexual
Advertisement/Attraction
Ear-Wave
Urine-Dribbling
Musth-Temporal-Gland-Secretion
Marking
Penis-Erection
Musth-Walk
Female-Chorus
Trunk-Curl
Post-Copulatory-Stance
Trunk-Bounce-Drag
Mating-Pandemonium
Head-Toss
Chin-In
Ears-Tense
Sexual Monitoring
Vomeronasal-Organ-Rinsing
Tracking
Test-Temporal-Gland
Test-Genitals
Test-Dung
Flehmen
Palatal-Pit-Area-Contact-Response
Place
Male Male
Male-Male-Chase
Male-Male-Reach-Over
Male-Male-Mounting
Sexual Solicitation
Casual-Stance
Rump-Present
Soliciting-Guarding
Courtship
Wariness
Chase
Estrous-Walk
Consorting
Mate-Guarding
Reach-Over
Rest-Chin
Driving
Standing
Mounting
Post-Copulatory Act
Post-Copulatory-Stance
Mating-Pandemonium
Test-Semen
Play
Lone & Object Play
Play-Tusk-Ground
Play-Bush-Bash
Play-Throw-Debris
Feigned-Fear
Flop-Trunk-On-Head
Trunk-Squelching
Object-Play
Tail-Raising
Eye-Widening
Play-Kick-Back
Solicit Play
Head-Waggling
Solicit-Play
Play-Kneel-Down
Distant-Frontal-Attitude
Social Play
Play-Reach-Over
Play-Mount
Climb-Upon
Grasp-Tail
Floppy-Run
Play-Head-Shake
Sparring
Play-Run-After
Play-Rub
Death
Body Investigation
Silence
Back-Toward
Object Play
Explore-Touch
Intervention
Lifting
Carrying
Feeding
Body-Mounting
Covering
Trample-Ground
- Gestures DB structure
ElephantVoices Photo Database
ElephantVoices Video Database
Column3
How to identify African elephants
Statements & testimonies
ElephantVoices Publications
Document download center
Elephant Terms Glossary
Selected links other resources
Support NOW!
Column1
What YOU can do
Donate NOW!
Support our welfare work
Buy elephant music, sounds & images!
Column2
Elephant Muses
Shop & support
Joyce's elephant drawings
Joyce's elephant paintings
Celebrity endorsements
Back
ElephantVoices Gestures Database
ElephantVoices Photo Database
ElephantVoices Video Database
ElephantVoices Calls Database