This is a report by ETIS, which is a comprehensive information system to track illegal trade in ivory and other elephant products. ETIS is managed by TRAFFIC on behalf of the CITES Parties.

In addition to information on global trends in the level of illegal killing of elephants since 2002, this analysis investigates a number of site- and country-level variables that are significantly associated with levels of illegal killing at MIKE (Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants) sites.

Wasser et. al. 2008. Combating the Illegal Trade in African Elephant Ivory with DNA forensics. Samuel K. Wasser, William Joseph Clark, Ofir Drori, Emily Stephen Kisamo, Celia Mailand, Benezeth Mutayoba, and Matthew Stephens. Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 4, 1065–1071

Vanity Fair, August 2011: Agony and Ivory. By Alex Shoumatoff (http://www.vanityfair.com/contributors/alex-shoumatoff). Article also on http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/elephants-201108.

Article in Scientific American, July 2009; The Ivory Trail. By Samuel K. Wasser, Bill Clark and Cathy Laurie.

2011: THE IVORY DYNASTY: A report on the soaring demand for elephant mammoth ivory in southern China. Esmond Martin Lucy Vigne. Commissioned by Elephant Family, The Aspinall Foundation, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.

Proposals to relax the African elephant’s protected status and to promote one-off sales of stockpiled ivory spell doom to the elephants within our lifetimes. Twenty-four African countries have come together to harness information to shape policy to ensure the elephants’ future. (Kenya Elephant Forum, 2010)

STATUS OF ELEPHANT POPULATIONS, LEVELS OF ILLEGAL KILLING AND THE TRADE IN IVORY: A REPORT TO THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF CITES. SC61 Doc. 44.2 (Rev. 1) Annex 1

Statement to CoP15 delegates 18 March 2010 by Dr. Iain Douglas-Hamilton of Save The Elephants and Dr. Joyce Poole of ElephantVoices: Loxodonta africana: Does the species, population, satisfy the biological criteria for Appendix I in Annex I of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP 14)? Regarding proposals from Tanzania and Zambia.

CITES - CoP15. Annex 6 b) Report of the Panel of Experts regarding the proposal of Zambia.